What does the term "Sfumato" refer to in painting?

The term "Sfumato" refers to a painting technique that involves the smooth blending of colors and tones, creating a soft transition between different shades. This technique is particularly notable in the works of Renaissance artists, such as Leonardo da Vinci, who skillfully employed sfumato to achieve a sense of depth and realism in their portraits. By eliminating harsh outlines and allowing colors to blend seamlessly, artists can create an atmospheric effect that gives the illusion of form and volume.

This method stands in contrast to other techniques that might focus on distinct layering, bold color applications, or heavy impasto. For instance, painting styles characterized by bright colors typically focus on using vibrant hues to evoke strong emotions or to capture attention, rather than on subtle gradations. Similarly, the application of thick paint often aims for texture and dimensionality rather than the smoothness associated with sfumato.